Dalian is located at southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula, adjacent to Yellow Sea to its east and Bohai Sea to its west, faces Shandong Peninsula across the sea to its south and has a vast hinterland of three eastern provinces and east of Inner Mongolia to its north. Dalian is also in an important region of Northeast Asia Economic Zone and Bohai-rim Economic Ring and neighbors Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Russia and Far East. Dalian is a pivotal junction of Eurasia continental bridge and is a key international shipping hub and international logistics center in North China.
Dalian is an important port, industrial, trade and tourism city in North China, occupies 12574ksqm totally, including urban area of 2415ksqm and has a population of 6 million, with the ratio of non-agricultural population in total population up to 55.6%.
Dalian Port was built since September 1899 and Dalian was established officially at that time. Dalian was approved as a city directly under state planning in 1985, and enjoyed provincial-level economic management rights. In 2003, the party central committee and State Council put forward the strategic target of “building Dalian into an important international shipping center in northeast Asia”.

I. Dalian city development and energy and environment status
(I) Social and economic development status
In 2004, Dalian realized GDP of RMB196.18 billion, up by 16.2% over last year, local fiscal general budgetary revenue of RMB11.72billion, up by 16.5% on a comparative basis; fixed assets investment in all sectors of the society of RMB71.62billion, up by 41.3%, gross social consumable retail amount of RMB64.52 billion, up by 13.5%, urban residents' governable annual income per capita of RMB10378, and peasants' annual net income per capita of RMB5106, up by 14% and 13.1% respectively; and urban and rural residents' RMB and foreign currency savings balance of RMB145.33 billion, up by 10.92%. Dalian ranked 7th amongst 100 cities of strongest comprehensive strength appraisal sponsored by State Statistics Bureau, and appraised as “2004 CCTV Chinese City with Most Robust Economy” by CCTV and conferred “Citizen Satisfaction Prize”.
Dalian is an important industrial base in China and has complete industrial sectors, strong capacity in providing supplementary parts and well-established foundation for manufacturing industry. Its gross industrial output ranks 1st among major cities in northeast China, and an industrial system is formed, in which petrochemical, shipbuilding, electronic, machinery, metallurgic, construction material, food and pharmaceutical industries are dominant ones. Hence, Dalian has strong capacity in hosting manufacturing industry transferred from all over the world. Dalian's production scale in petrochemical, shipbuilding, locomotive, large machinery, bearing and refrigeration equipment ranks 1st in the same industry in China. While, its crude oil processing volume approaches 20 million ton and is one of regions with largest crude oil processing capacity in China. New Shipyard Heavy Industry is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in China, and the vessels it built in 2004 reached 1.67 million ton. Dalian's output of internal combustion engines reached 50% of state total with export volume up to 80% of state total. Scale industries in Dalian completed gross output value of RMB201.82billion in 2004, up by RMB52.41billion.
Dalian is the window for northeast China's reform and opening-up, and has state-level economic and technical development zone, hi-tech park, tourist resorts, and the only free trade area and export processing zone in northeast China. Dalian has now become the city with most intensive foreign trade and foreign investment in northeast China. In 2004, Dalian used FDI (Foreign direct investment) of USD2.2 billion and realized self-managed foreign trade volume of USD10.15billion. Dalian has 10070 foreign-invested enterprises, including 69 enterprises among Fortune 500, contracted foreign investment accumulated to USD30.603billion, actual use of foreign capital up to USD16.694billion. 1920 foreign, HK, Macao and Taiwan companies set up representative offices in Dalian.
Dalian is a famous port city in China and has trading ties with some 300 ports in more than 160 countries and regions in the world, responsible for above 70% sea-route cargo and 90% container transportation in northeast China. Dalian realized port throughput of 145 million ton and container throughput of 2.21 million ton in 2004. 300000 ton-level crude oil wharf and 300000 ton-level imported ore wharf, once completed and put into operation, will further enhance port functions. Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport has 22 international airlines, and is connected with 21 cities in 10 countries and regions. Dalian has 25 incoming and outgoing international flights every day. Dalian has 71 domestic airlines and ranks 4th in terms of number of airlines, cities connected and flights number, and is the largest passenger and cargo air transportation base in Northeast China. Dalian airport completed passenger throughput of 4.614 million person times, cargo and mail throughput of 118000 t. Beiliang port with 12 million ton throughput capacity, state grain reserve store with 1 million ton capacity, Dalian Commodity Exchange and North China International Grain Logistics Center have formed the largest grain distribution hub in Asia that integrate storage, logistics, futures and on spot trading. Yanda train ferry being built now will make economic and trading exchanges between Northeast China and east coast more convenient.
Dalian is a famous tourist resort, with cool summer, warm winter, surrounding seas and mountains, charming scenery, pleasant weather, well-established urban functions and numerous scenic spots. Its State Famous Scenery Zone at south coast, Lushunkou State Famous Scenery Zone and Golden Pebble Beach State Famous Scenery Zone are renowned at home and abroad. Dalian has 119 star-level tourist hotels and 321 travel agents. In 2004, Dalian harvested total income of RMB17billion from tourism. Dalian has fully-fledged exhibition industry, hosts more than 50 different kinds of exhibitions, with transaction volume up to RMB30 billion each year. Dalian has hosted successfully World Chinese Underwriters Conference and the 5th Asian and European Economic Minister Meeting in recent years.

(II) Current situation of energy industry
1. Current situation of energy consumption
Dalian is in lack of primary energy, which depends almost exclusively on external resource. However, Dalian has certain scale in converting and supplying primary energy. Along with development of industrial and agricultural production and people's higher living standard, energy consumption will grow over years. Provision of primary and secondary energy in Dalian in “10th Five-Year Plan” period met basically the demand of social and economic development.
In view of Dalian's energy consumption structure in “10th Five-Year Plan” period, coal is dominant in primary energy and fuel acts as a supplementary means. Production of secondary energy is dominated by production of electricity, heat and gas. In 2004 and in Dalian, energy consumption was totaled to 12.34 million ton coal equivalent, annual consumption of raw coal totaled to 11.5 million ton, i.e. 60% of total energy consumption, electricity consumption totaled to 15.4 billion kwh, annual man-made gas consumption totaled to 200 million cubic meter, annual liquefied petroleum gas totaled to 130000 ton and annual product oil consumption totaled to 3.1 million ton.
Electricity generation and supply. In 2004, Dalian generated electricity of 13.65billion kwh and consumed electricity of 15.5billion kwh, up by 10.6% and 9.26% over last respectively. At present, Dalian is still in lack of electricity and needs to get some electricity from Northeast China's grid.
Urban gas supply. At present, Dalian generates man-made gas of 730000m3 each day and supplies 200 million cubic meter gas each year to 1.67 million citizens. Dalian supplies liquefied petroleum gas, totaled to 124000 t, to totally 1.08 million citizens. Urban gas-use rate reaches 100% through gas and LPG supply.
Urban heating supply. Dalian focuses on development of co-generation and builds large central-heating boiler rooms as a supplementary means to realize central heating, with annual heating volume up to 180x105x108J. By the end of 2004, heating rate will reach 99%, central heating rate 78% and central heating rate by co-generation 40%.
Rural energy's development and use. At present, Dalian has totally 15145 households, dubbed as “Rural Ecological Households” of “four positions in one entity” that take methane as link in its rural area, and has built 29 ecology model villages of rural energy, sunlight greenhouses of 254000sqm, installed solar energy heaters with exposure surfaces of 27000cubic meter and built 57 large and medium methane projects and 72000 high-efficiency prefabricated, combined and hollow-foundation brick beds.

2. Energy consumption analysis
Gross energy consumption grows at a slower speed. Due to adjusted economic structure and strengthened energy-saving through technical advance, energy consumption in Dalian in “10th Five-Year Plan” period grew with an annual rate of 3.62%, lower than 3.9% in “9th Five-Year Plan” period. It is estimated that GDP will grow by 14.3% and energy consumption elastic coefficient be about 0.31 in “10th Five-Year Plan” period, lower than 0.36 in “9th Five-Year Plan” period.
Energy consumption structure has been improved. Ratio of coal in primary energy consumption declined to 60% in 2004 from 69.42% in 2000. Annual coal consumption in Dalian, although big, grew not apparently. Demand on fuel gas and product oil energy grows considerably over years, and electricity consumption also grows steadily.

3. Energy consumption and environment protection
The energy structure, where primary energy is dominated by coal, exerts grave impacts on environment. At present, 70% of total suspended particulates, 90% of sulfur dioxide, 60% of nitrogen oxide and 85% of carbon dioxide come from coal combustion. Emissions of sulfur dioxide in Dalian were controlled less than 31000 ton in 2000. Since “10th Five-Year Plan” period, optimization and adjustment of industrial structure and energy use structure have reduced energy consumption growth speed. Moreover, the city promoted central heating and forced to dismantle small boilers, in addition to active environment protection dedusting measures and clean coal combustion technologies applied to industrial big coal consumers. These measures slowed down the emissions of green house gas, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Through these measures, emission of sulfur dioxide in Dalian had been controlled under 73900 ton by the end of 2004. Anyhow, large quantity of coal in primary energy consumption is still a heavy burden on environment protection. Hence, from the perspective of improving environment, Dalian should change actively its primary energy consumption structure where coal dominates to realize the coordinated development of urban economy-energy-environment.

4. Problems existed in energy development
Dalian depends more and more on external resource for energy supply and faces resource restraints. Along with Dalian economy's sustainable development, continuous population increase and accelerated urban modernization process, although energy consumption will grow slower than GDP, energy consumption will still go upward over years.
Energy structure's quality is still quite low and energy efficiency should be enhanced. At present, the city's overall energy consumption structure is still coal-dominated energy system, and petroleum products as supplementary means, without nuclear power and natural gas, hence, lower energy utilization rate.
Electricity consumption grows rapidly and grid construction lags behind. Electricity consumption grows rapidly and exceeds average increase rate of energy consumption. It lacks funding for grid construction, which could not catch up with the society's demand for electricity.
Insufficient new and renewable energy development. In view of special geographical and resource condition in Dalian, and especially shortage of primary energy, Dalian needs to actively explore development and construction of renewable, clean and other new energy (such as nuclear, tide, wind power, hydranlic, solar energy, electricity generated from stalk, fuel ethanol produced from plants).
Serious energy and environment issues. Electricity, heat and gas consumed in Dalian are converted mainly from coal, and next from petroleum products. While converting to usable energy, this fossil fuel emits a large quantity of pollutants during its combustion, and causes grave pollution to urban atmosphere.

(III) Environment protection current status
In its work of environment protection, Dalian sticks to the guideline of scientific development, strengthens ecological environment protection and construction, has been awarded the title of “Global 500 Best Environment” by United Nations' Environment Planning Agency, and became the only city conferred such title in China. State Ministry of Construction conferred Dalian “China Habitat Environment Prize”. Dalian continues to keep its favorable environment quality and will further enhance its urban functions.

1. Environment condition
Energy use exerts great impacts on environment. During “10th Five-Year Plan” period, overall environment quality turned better over years, in terms of atmosphere, waters and noise. In 2004, urban dust precipitation was 16 ton per ksqm per month, down by 7% from 2000. Annual average figure of four pollutants in urban atmosphere all reached corresponding criteria of air quality functional area, such as 0.038mg sulfur dioxide/cubic meter, 0.086mg inhalable particles/cubic meter, 0.036mg nitrogen dioxide/cubic meter and 0.57mg carbon monoxide/cubic meter, with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide up by 58% and 24% respectively, and inhalable particulates and carbon monoxide down by 4% and 26% respectively than 2000.

2. Environment pollution prevention and treatment
In 2004, total emission of major pollutants in Dalian was comprised of, respectively, 57700 ton smoke, 20000 ton dust, 103100 ton sulfur dioxide, 53200 ton chemical oxygen demand and 500 ton petroleum-category pollutants. Compared with 2000, emission of sulfur dioxide was reduced by 21.8%, smoke by 33.2%, dust by 7.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 23.2% and petroleum-category pollutant remained the same. Dalian is one of a few domestic cities that conform to gross indexes as specified by the State Council.
Dalian has issued Treatment Plans to totally 1635 pollution projects, and actually finished 1332 projects during “10th Five-Year Plan” period. In 2004, comprehensive use rate of industrial solid waste in Dalian was 1.633 million ton with comprehensive use rate of 70.7%, up by 7.8% than 2000.

3. Environment protection and rectification
During “10th Five-Year Plan” period, Dalian promulgated government statutes and regulations subsequently, such as “Dalian's Several Pieces of Advice on Strengthening Environment　Protection Work”, “Notice on Strengthening Environment Protection Management of Construction Projects” and “Notice on Dismantling Distributed Coal-burning Boilers and other Pollution Facilities within the Deadline”. Dalian has invested in accumulated RMB12.89 billion for environment protection during “10th Five-Year Plan” period, averaged at 2.08% of GDP, 2.16% at the year of highest ratio.

4. Major issues in environment protection
Although Dalian has made great progress in environment protection and kept good environment quality during its “10th Five-Year Plan” period, we must stay calm and be aware of the gap compared with advanced domestic cities, particularly developed countries. Major issues that restrict further improvement of environment quality in Dalian include atmosphere pollution mixed of coal smoke and motor vehicles' tail gas, urban residents' garbage and sewage pollution, rural area environment pollution and ecological damage.

II. Coordinated development of energy consumption and urban economy and environment
(I) Urban development goal
Grasping tightly the great opportunity of state's effort of revitalizing old industrial bases in Northeast China, and building Dalian into an important international shipping center in Northeast Asia, Dalian tries to rank among domestic advanced cities and give play to a greater role in regional development within five years, and fulfill basically the strategic task of building Dalian into an important international shipping center, and upgrading and transforming Dalian into a regional international service center and economic central city within some ten years.
---Economic development target. By 2010, total output value in Dalian will exceed RMB400 billion, with annual average growth rate above 13% and total output value per capita will exceed USD7500.
---Structural adjustment target. By 2010, Dalian will take the lead in realizing revitalization of old industrial bases. Proportion of added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in total output value will reach 6%, 48% and 46% respectively. Percentage of added value of hi-tech industry in total output value will be lifted to 25% and percentage of added value of service industry in GDP will be increased significantly.
---Urban function target. By 2010, percentage of non-agricultural population in total population will reach 64% or so (the percentage of urban population in permanent population will be 75%), and urbanization progress will be further accelerated. By 2010, Dalian port's annual cargo throughput will be totaled to 900 million ton, including annual throughput of 250 million ton by seaport and 10 million TEUs (twenty equivalent unit). Dalian seaport will become an important international trade trunk line and transshipment port in Yellow sea and Bohai sea rim and passenger throughput in the airport will reach 10 million person times.
---Social development target. Dalian will further strengthen its input and support on education, science and technology, ensure smooth implementation of “strengthening the city through science and education”, establish a well-structured social security system that covers the city and rural area, enhance security standard, build up security and assistance efforts towards disadvantaged groups in the society, further improve urban and rural public sanitation facilities, built in all aspects a new rural cooperative medical system, improve town worker medical insurance system, try to enhance overall medical treatment and health care level to ensure that all people enjoy health care, uplift radio and TV coverage rate and rural area cabled TV connection rate to 100% respectively and cabled TV conversion rate above 80%, ensure favorable social public security environment and achieve apparent progress in spiritual civilization, democratic and legal construction.
---Population and living target. By 2010, permanent population in Dalian will reach 6.45million or so, and annual birth rate and natural population growth rate will be controlled under 6.86 ‰and 0.63‰ respectively. With the focus in further optimizing layout and improving traveling and living environment, Dalian will strengthen fair configuration of public service resources, increase living area per capita for urban citizens to 22sqm or so, completed urban area's green belt rate to 45%, public green belt area per capita to 12sqm, urban central heating rate to 85%, urban gas-use rate up to 100%, automobile tail gas compliance rate to 95%, urban living sewage non-hazardous treatment rate to 98% and try out best to improve living conditions for urban and rural residents. By then, Dalian's urban residents' annual governable income will grow with an annual average rate of 15%, peasants' annual governable income by above 15% to double their income than 2005, and shorten income gap between urban and rural residents. Urban and rural residents' Engel coefficient will drop down under 34% and 38% respectively, stepping into affluent life stage from well-off level, and boosting life expectancy per capita to 78 years old. Dalian will control its urban registered unemployment rate under 5%, try every means to increase employment, and meet basically the employment demand from laborers of suitable ages.
---Ecological construction and environment protection target. Dalian will unswervingly implement the basic state policy of “protecting farmland, step by step”. By 2010, Dalian will uplift its waste land reclaim rate to 75%, spend great efforts in developing circular economy, try to build a saving society, control comprehensive energy consumption for RMB10000 GDP under 0.45 ton equivalent coal and water consumption under 35 ton, enhance intermediate water reuse rate to 75% and comprehensive use rate of industrial solid waste to 90%, strengthen further inputs and efforts in law enforcement and supervision, protect ecology in large extent, so as to improve urban and rural environment. Except for inhalable particulates, urban atmospheric quality will reach basically level I standard, there be 350 days with air quality up to or better than Level II standard, urban living sewage treatment rate reach 90%, industrial smoke emission compliance rate 99%, industrial dust emission compliance rate 99.5%, industrial waste water emission compliance rate 99%, urban living garbage non-hazardous treatment rate 75% and forest coverage rate 45% or so.

(II) Energy development planning
1. Energy development guidelines
From “11th Five-Year Plan” period to 2020, Dalian will follow a guideline of “building up scientific development concept, aiming at establishing a saving society, developing actively circular economy, facilitating the transformation of economic growth mode, sticking to the policy of tapping both energy resources and saving energy, and prioritizing saving, continuing structural and technical energy-saving work, tightening the building of energy infrastructure, doing a good job of balancing energy supply and demand, guaranteeing energy supply, optimizing energy structure; developing, with great efforts, new energy, quality energy, and renewable energy, so as to build Dalian's energy industry into a clean, modern, basic industry with reasonable structure and high efficiency.

2. Energy's sustainable development target
Develop circular economy, build an energy-saving social and economic system, adjust and optimize energy structure, boost energy efficiency and benefit, pay attention to the use of quality energy and renewable energy, try to reduce influence of energy consumption on environment, and gradually realize a quality, efficient, clean and saving end-user energy consumption structure.
Dalian will stick to the concept of circular economy for energy development and use, boost resources efficiency, realize energy's ladder like use and comprehensive use of wastes to reduce resource consumption and pollutant emissions, organize economic activity into a closed-ring economy of “resource-product-renewable resources”, maximize the use of resources and energy, reduce economic activities' impacts on environment to the least possible extent, so as to ensure coordinated development of economy, energy and environment, and realize the magnificent target of building a well-off society in an all round way, with less energy, and embark on a road of sustainable growth gradually.
Spare no effort in improving energy efficiency, and maintain a rational growth in energy consumption. Persist in taking energy conservation as an important issue to change the economic growth pattern, insist on combining energy conservation with structure adjustment, technical advancement and management enhancement, stick to combining market mechanism with governmental macro control, persist in combining management by law with policy encourage, persist in highlight of the focal point, guiding according to categories, and extensive promotion and persist in involvement of the whole society.
Strengthen management on demand side, and improve power supply reliability. Take management on demand side as an important means to ease the contradiction between power demand and supply, ensure power security and effective supply. Guide power users to strengthen the sense of scientific energy consumption, power conservation, introduce actively high efficient power conservation technologies and products, optimize power consumption mode and improve power utilization efficiency.
Encourage recycle of resources, and develop co-generation of heat, power, cooling air, and power generation from garbage. Seize the chance of Dalian introducing natural gas during the “11th Five-Year Plan” to create the conditions for constructing distributed energy stations. Carry out co-generation of heat, power and cooling air to improve the utilization efficiency of natural gas, and ease the contradiction of difference between peak and valley in grid.
Construct the project of power generation from burning garbage to protect the urban environment, land and water resources, and realize a sustainable development.
Optimize the energy structure. Make a full use of both domestic and foreign markets to obtain energy resources, build up a end-use energy consumption structure of high quality, high efficiency, cleanness, and energy conservation, and increase the proportion of power consumption through strengthening construction of power supply, power grid; introduce actively LNG for urban gasification and power generation; prepare for nuclear power construction; develop new and renewable energies.

3. Energy consumption forecast and energy supply during the “11th Five-Year Plan”
The period of “11th Five-Year Plan” will see a quick growth in the demand for energy in Dalian. With introduction and utilization of such clean energies as natural gas, etc., there will a great improvement in both energy supply and consumption structure. Power and natural gas will play an increasingly important role in urban development. To strengthen energy conservation and develop a sustainable development plan for circular economy will result in improvement of energy efficiency and inhibition of overgrowth in the demand for energy. Build a social economic system of energy saving, adjust, optimize the energy structure, lay emphasis on utilization of high quality and renewable energies, make endeavors to alleviate the impact of energy consumption on environment and realize, step by step, such a energy consumption structure of high quality, high efficiency, cleanness and energy conservation.
During the “11th Five-Year Plan”, the growth rate in energy consumption will be around 6.5% in our city, much lower than the growth in GDP around 13%. The energy consumption structure will be further improved. Until 2010, the total energy consumption in Dalian will be equivalent to 18 million ton coal equivalent with a marked change in the energy structure in comparison with that during the “10th Five-Year Plan”, in which the coal proportion will reduce from 13% in 2005 to 5% in the end-user energy consumption; the power consumption will increase from 22% in 2005 to 28%; there will be a rapid increase in the proportion of gas fuel consumption from 5% in 2005 to 25%, in primary energy consumption, the coal proportion will reduce from 61.8% in 2005 to 54.4% in 2010. There will be a marked effect of energy conservation with the energy consumption per RMB ten thousand yuan of GDP reducing from 0.6 ton equivalent coal in 2005 to 0.45.
We can see that the demand for gas fuel will grow rapidly during the “11th Five-Year Plan” with the gas supply project LNG to be finalized to ensure natural gas supply in Dalian, and realize the predicted target; the power demand will also grow rapidly. According to the development plan for the power sector, there will be a major arrangement for local power construction during the “11th Five-Year Plan”, and a strong connection with the 500KV grid of the power sector in Northeast China to sufficiently ensure the power demand of Dalian.

(III) Environmental protection planning
The “11th Five-Year Plan” is an important period for old industrial base transformation and construction of Greater Dalian. Ecological industrial mode transfer will be boosted and the economic growth pattern of high investment, consumption and pollution be changed through optimizing industrial spatial layout, adjusting industrial structure, upgrading the level of new industrialization, supporting, with great efforts, such high-tech industries as electronics and IT, software, etc. Industrial pollution control will be consolidated and deepened to increasingly improve the comprehensive rectification level of urban environment, widen the protection area of rural ecological environment, so as to realize a new leap forward in environmental protection for our city. An environmental protection system will be established and improved with “centralized leadership by the government, comprehensive decision-making on environmental issues, divided responsibilities among different departments, uniform supervision over environmental protection, public extensive participation”, keeping the environmental protection work on the track of healthy development through increased investment, strengthened supervision, advocacy and education, etc. The environmental quality will be improved steadily with the days reaching 360 for the urban environmental air quality, which is up to and better than level II standard. Smoke emission will be put under control below 55,000 ton and emission of sulfur dioxide under 100,000 ton. Comprehensive environmental rectification will be strengthened, spatial layout be optimized, the atmospheric pollution issue be resolved focally with the main pollutants to be put under effective control to ensure the environmental quality and security, and narrow the gap in environment between Dalian and advanced areas.

1. Optimize industrial layout, adjusting industrial structure
During the “11th Five-Year Plan”, no industrial project will be newly constructed in the major urban area. The enterprises with pollution will be relocated outside the major urban area gradually; high-tech, pollution-free industries will be developed in priority in the new city areas formed as a result of westward widening and northward expanding; the industrial structure will be configured rationally in the newly constructed industrial zones based on the principle of circular economy with such industrial projects as low in energy consumption, light in pollution and high in benefits to be developed in priority, and projects with pollution will be limited, as a result, an industrial development layout rational in structure, advanced in industries and optimized in resources configuration will be initially developed. Up to 2010, the total emission of pollutants in the major urban area will be cut down by over 60% and there will be a substantial improvement in the environmental quality; the present total emissions of pollutant will be maintained for new city areas and the environmental pollution be put under control; the total emissions of pollutants will be put under strict control according to the environmental capacity requirement for newly built industrial zones, which should not break the environmental bearing capacity.

2. Improve environmental quality, ensure public health and resolve atmospheric pollution issue focally
The energy structure will be further adjusted. Phase I project for LNG (liquefied natural gas) receiving station will be finalized in early 2009 with the construction scale 3 million ton per year. Application of LNG in Dalian will be boosted and expanded actively. Three or four thermal power plants and large-scale heat supply boilers with LNG as the fuel will be constructed in replacement of coal-fired plants and coal-fired boilers to reduce emissions of such pollutants as sulfur dioxide, smoke, etc.
Control over emission of sulfur dioxide will be strengthened to effectively prevent the danger of acid rain. Develop and follow through the Notice on Banning Sales and Use of Coal High in Sulfur, Ash, with the coal containing over 0.7% sulfur and over 20% ash to be banned for sales and use for burning over the city; newly built coal-fired power plants must have sulfur removal facilities constructed synchronously with existing power plants to be equipped with such facilities by the end of 2010, with the sulfur removal efficiency above 85%.
Emission of such inhalable particulates as smoke, industrial dust, etc. must be put under control with greater efforts. By the end of 2009, the cement plants in the four districts of the city with an annual production volume below 500,000 ton, and those in county-level cities and other districts with an annual production volume below 200,000 ton will be closed down with the cement production enterprises with vertical kilns to be eliminated. The backward wet process for dust collection for the coal-fired facilities will be gradually eliminated with newly built coal-fired facilities having high efficient cloth envelopes or electrostatic dust collectors constructed synchronously. By 2010, the average efficiency for the dust collectors will reach a level over 98% in the whole city.
Continue to implement the integrated renovation of smoke in the 49 planed areas of the central urban districts. We will dismantle 1392 boilers and 925 chimneys, newly increase central heating areas of 28 million spm, and strive to fulfill the above-mentioned work in the central urban districts. Till 2010, only 517 boilers and 379 chimneys will have been kept. The wholly integrated renovation of smoke will be implemented in the following districts and cities: Development Zone, Free Trade Zone, Lushunkou District, Jinzhou District, Wafangdian City, Pulandian City, Zhuanghe City, etc.
Develop co-generation and improve the rate of central heating in our city. We will expand and newly set up power plants, increasing over 10 million sqm heating areas. Till 2010, the rate of integrate heating in the central city areas will reach more than 85%; and that in three northern cities and the urban areas in Changhai County will reach 70%.
Establish and improve the control system of floating dust pollution. We will work out “Dalian City Administration Method of Controlling Floating Dust of Building Site Construction and Road”. It is forbidden to carry out dismantle and exploding work in high wind weather of Class 4; wind fender and wall should be set up on construction site; it is not allowed to set sand and stone ground as well as mortar blender; establish regular mater-sprinkle system and promote the use of floating dust inhibitor; the bare soil pile on the work site must be covered and the road must be harden; the soil and stone for shipment in bulk must be covered perfectly, etc.
Establish a scientific management system of “Three-in-one”: annual check, on-road regulation, and random check at parking places so as to control vehicle tail exhaust pollution. We will set up the vehicle tail exhaust check line as packaged facility for the City Vehicle Annual Check Center. Tail exhaust emission compliance certificate will be issued for the vehicles that pass the annual check. It is forbidden to drive without driving license; set up the auto-monitor system of vehicle pollutant emissions, so as to carry out priority monitor in the key areas and at key sections; have random check at parking places of the units that own vehicles in the whole city, and those non-performing vehicles during random checks must be renovated within limited period. For the vehicles not in compliance with the standard, their certificates of tail exhaust compliance should be suspended.

3. Great effort should be made for developing circular economy and building resources saving community.
Establish enterprises based on circular use of resources. We will complete to set up the five state level of clean production demonstration enterprises and the forty environmental friendly business, as well as the five waste water “zero discharge” companies; we will reduce waste water by 30~40% and around 30% COD in it, through implementation of clean production, and with chemical industry, building materials, metallurgy, etc. as priorities.
Set up Eco-industrial Park. We have a planning to build the Eco-industrial Park in Dalian ETD Zone, when the initial planning, business invitation, project chaining works will have been completed, the embryo of the eco-industrial park will have evolved into shape.
Establish resources-saving community, with industrial cooling water and the mater for greening use as keys, we will speed up the completion of the planning work of building the intermediate water reuse system in Dalian, work out the favorable policies for operating and using intermediate water, so as to have effective use of the intermediate water when it can meet the reuse standards. We will promote the use of desalination of sea water in power plants, petrochemical enterprises and also for the daily life on islands, we will continue to increase the amount of indirect use of sea water for industrial cooling.
Set up the policy and law system of circular economy and resources saving community. Till 2010, we will establish the policy and law system of resource circular-based economy under the condition of market economy, speed up the institution of the relative local laws and their complementary methods so as to manage our economy and society according to laws; at the same time, we will make a bigger effort to research economy policy and work out the favorable policies and initiatives to effectively encourage the development of circular economy.

4. Improve the local law system of environmental protection, and increase environmental regulatory ability.
Improve the local law system of environmental protection. During “the 11the Five-Year Plan”, we will strengthen environmental legislature in the following fields: control pollution of newly built projects, soot pollution, dangerous waste pollution as well as ecological environmental protection, ocean environmental protection, protection and treatment against emergency pollution accidents; we will actively discover the environmental economic policies which help both saving resources and protecting environment, so as to make big effort to advocate circular economy and clean production.
Implement pollution emissions certificate system. We will improve emissions declaration system, carry out dynamic management on pollution and emissions status, work out the quota distribution system of emission certificate, and all the emission enterprises should discharge based on their emission certificates, thus establishing and improving access system for environmental protection, so as to create a enterprise environmental report system on the basis of environment audit and emission performance.
Improve the ability to monitor the environment. We will further strengthen the management of pollution source, set up pollution source monitor and control center, fix auto-monitoring instruments on line for soot and smoke at power plants and large sized boilers, install auto monitoring devices on line for water quality in the key enterprises such as petro-chemistry and chemical industry as well as sewage treatment plants, so as to carry out round o'clock monitor and control in a row. We will set up a long-acting management mechanism for pollution regulation so as to encourage the stable performing emissions for industrial pollution source. For those that cannot, these enterprises will meet with more frequent and bigger effort of monitoring and law enforcement.
Improve the control ability for environmental safety. We will set up and improve on Dalian City environmental safety emergency system, further improve on Dalian City the emergency command system, emergency treatment system, emergency monitor system for sudden environment pollution incidents, possess remote successive monitoring ability on line for the big environmental pollution incidents, establish an initial risk evaluation and alarm system for Dalian City environmental safety, so as to heighten the fast response ability for the administration of our environment.
Strengthen the building up of the team in charge of radioactive affairs, and improve safety regulation ability. We will keep on eye on the building up of nuclear power plant in Liaoning province, implement pollution control; heighten the management and stock of radioactive waste in order to get rid of hidden danger; make a general investigation and declaration registration on electromagnetic radioactivity, radio isotope and radiation devices, and set up a database for dynamic administration.
Establish the modern environmental monitoring network system. We will further integrate and improve on the whole city's environmental monitoring network system, create a modern monitoring team which is characterized with specified technology, standardized methods, automated monitoring, and systemized quality control, so as to meet with the requirement of environment administration for environmental monitoring work.
Improve on Dalian City's environmental air automatic monitoring system. One or two environmental air monitoring stations will be built up separately in Pulandian City, Zhuanghe City and Changhai County, and they also should be on line, we will set up one or two vehicle tail exhaust auto monitoring stations in the urban areas, and also a floated water quality automatic monitoring station in our urban offshore area.
Strengthen the environmental regulation of the key industrial districts. Dalian Municipal Government will create a special environmental protection agency in the large sized industrial district; heighten the environmental regulation of large sized development district, so as to implement an all-round way of management on construction and operation of the development.
Finalize the system of the environmental evaluation of planning. We will do a good job of the following the environmental evaluation of planning in Dalian: land use planning, building and use planning of regions, river basins, and maritime space, as well as ten special items of planning: industry, agriculture, livestock husbandry, forestry, energy source, water conservancy, transportation, urban construction, tourism, development of natural resources, so as to avoid the environmental problems caused by unreasonable planning and distribution. In particular, we should strengthen the demonstration work of the reasonable deployment of the route selection of power and transportation, as well as the overall arrangement of communication base stations, so as to reduce complaints lodged via letters or visits and create a good living environment for our citizen.

　　Jiuwen Wan
Dalian Science and Technology Bureau